Publications

Peer-reviewed articles and conference papers describing, applying, and extending the MHASpread framework.

Primary Reference

The following paper is the primary citation for MHASpread. Please cite it whenever you use the model in research or training.

Cardenas, N. C., Lopes, F. P. N., Machado, A., Maran, V., Trois, C., Machado, F. A., & Machado, G.
Modeling foot-and-mouth disease dissemination in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and evaluating the effectiveness of control measures.
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 11 (2024), 1468864.
doi:10.3389/fvets.2024.1468864

Contribution to MHASpread: This paper introduces the MHASpread framework and provides its primary scientific validation. It demonstrates how the stochastic multiscale model reproduces observed outbreak dynamics and evaluates the comparative effectiveness of depopulation, ring vaccination, and movement standstill strategies.

Journal Articles

Cardenas, N. C., de Menezes, T. C., Countryman, A. M., Lopes, F. P. N., Groff, F. H. S., Rigon, G. M., Gocks, M., & Machado, G.
Integrating epidemiological and economic models to estimate the cost of simulated foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Brazil.
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 242 (2025), 106558.
doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106558 · ScienceDirect

Contribution to MHASpread: Adds an economic integration layer for estimating direct and indirect costs of outbreak response, enabling cost-effectiveness comparisons across control portfolios.

Cardenas, N. C., Viali dos Santos, D., Magalhaes Lima, D., Daza Gutierrez, H. O., Gareca Vaca, D. R., & Machado, G.
Foot-and-mouth disease in Bolivia: Simulation-based assessment of control strategies and vaccination requirements.
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases (2025), 9055612.
doi:10.1155/tbed/9055612

Contribution to MHASpread: Demonstrates model transferability beyond the original Brazilian context, supporting preparedness planning in new regional settings.

DOI-Only Records (Publisher Metadata Pending)

The following reference was provided as a DOI-only record. Bibliographic details will be updated once the publisher metadata is available.

Conference Proceedings

Ebling, D. S., Machado, F., Descovi, G., Cardenas, N., Machado, G., Maran, V., & Machado, A.
A Distributed Processing Architecture for Disease Spread Analysis in the PDSA-RS Platform.
ICEIS 2024 (26th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems), Vol. 2, 313-320.
doi:10.5220/0012742700003690 · PDF
Event Year Organization Resource
Chile FMD Simulation Modeling Workshop 2024 SAG Chile workshop_aftosa_chile_2024
PANAFTOSA Regional Workshop Rio 2023 PAHO / PANAFTOSA PANAFTOSA-Workshop-Rio2023
PAHO MHASpread Workshop Repository 2023 PAHO MHASpread_workshop_PAHO

Citation Format

APA (7th edition)

Cardenas, N. C., Lopes, F. P. N., Machado, A., Maran, V., Trois, C., Machado, F. A., & Machado, G. (2024). Modeling foot-and-mouth disease dissemination in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and evaluating the effectiveness of control measures. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 11, 1468864. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1468864

BibTeX

@article{cardenas2024mhaspread,
  author  = {Cardenas, Nicolas C. and Lopes, Francisco P. N. and Machado, Alencar and Maran, Vinicius and Trois, Celio and Machado, Felipe A. and Machado, Gustavo},
  title   = {Modeling foot-and-mouth disease dissemination in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and evaluating the effectiveness of control measures},
  journal = {Frontiers in Veterinary Science},
  year    = {2024},
  volume  = {11},
  pages   = {1468864},
  doi     = {10.3389/fvets.2024.1468864}
}

Acknowledgments

MHASpread development is supported by FUNDESA RS, NC State University (Department of Population Health and Pathobiology), and LUMAC (Universidade Federal de Santa Maria).

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